Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program
      Publication_Date: 20010423
      Title: Mojave Desert Landsat TM Data
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
  Description:
    Abstract:
      A TM instrument is flown on Landsat 4 and 5, the last two
      of the five Landsats. Both satellite's TM radiometers
      acquire day and night data which are systematically
      corrected during processing. The standard digital data
      product is in a band sequential (BSQ) FAST format.
      Landsat 4 and 5's TM mechanical scanning radiometers
      operate in 7 channels of the electromagnetic spectrum
      (band 1 spectral range is .45-.52 micometers, band 2 is
      .52-.60, band 3 is .63-.69, band 4 is .76-.90, band 5 is
      1.55-1.75, band 6 is 10.40-12.50, and band 7 is 2.08-2.35).
      Six reflective bands are blue, green, red, and near infrared.
      Two shortwave infrared bands and a band measuring
      emitted energy 10.4 to 12.5 micrometers and has 120
      meter ground resolution.
    Purpose:
      To provide comprehensive TM data of the Mojave
      Desert area for use in a variety of applications.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: Various
    Currentness_Reference: Publication Date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.03487
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -112.22842
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.83482
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.49765
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: imagery
      Theme_Keyword: satellite
      Theme_Keyword: Landsat TM
      Theme_Keyword: TM
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: None
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program
        Contact_Person: Clarence Everly
      Contact_Position: Program Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address:
          222 E. Main Street
          Suite 215
        City: Barstow
        State_or_Province: CA
        Postal_Code: 92311
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (760)255-8886
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (760)256-6863
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: everlyc@mojavedata.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 7:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. PST
      Contact_Instructions:
        Please send requests for information via email, fax or
        telephone.  To access the site on the web, go to the
        www.mojavedata.gov; make a map of the
        Mojave to print or download in Adobe Acrobat PDF format,
        access planimetric data and remotely sensed imagery, or
        download geospatial data in ArcInfo export format.
  Security_Information:
    Security_Handling_Description: None
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Classification_System: Unknown
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
      The identification of features is provided by the distinct electromagnetic energy it emits, reflects, or otherwise transmits. This is called the spectral signature. Other signatures are tone (lightnes or darkness), texture (surface roughness or smoothness), pattern, shadow, shape and size are as important.Thus, through the use of thematic mapper, such elements as water features, soils, and vegetation can be identified and distinguished from each other.
      Landsats 4 and 5 carry both the MSS and the thematic mapper (TM) sensors; however, routine collection of MSS data was terminated in late 1992. They orbit at an altitude of 705 km and provide a 16-day, 233-orbit cycle with a swath overlap that varies from 7 percent at the Equator to nearly 84 percent at 81 north or south latitude. These satellites were also designed and operated to collect data over a 185 km swath. The MSS sensors aboard Landsats 4 and 5 are identical to the ones that were carried on Landsats 1 and 2. The MSS and TM sensors primarily detect reflected radiation from the Earth surface in the visible and near-infrared (IR) wavelengths, but the TM sensor provides more radiometric information than the MSS sensor. The wavelength range for the TM sensor is from the visible (blue), through the mid-IR, into the thermal-IR portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Sixteen detectors for the visible and mid-IR wavelength bands in the TM sensor provide 16 scan lines on each active scan. Four detectors for the thermal-IR band provide four scan lines on each active scan. The TM sensor has a spatial resolution of 30 m for the visible, near-IR, and mid-IR wavelengths and a spatial resolution of 120 m for the thermal-IR band.

  Logical_Consistency_Report: All of the Landsats have been in sun-synchronous orbits with equatorial crossing times ranging from 8:30 a.m. for Landsat 1, 9 a.m. for Landsat 2, to 9:45 a.m. for Landsat 5. The Landsat system provides for global data between 81 degrees north latitude and 81 degrees south latitude.
  Completeness_Report:
    The Landsat platforms operate from a sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit imaging the same 185 km (115 miles) ground swath every 16 days. Thematic mapper (TM) data are received directly from Landsats 4 and 5 by a network of 16 worldwide ground stations. The United States ground station in Norman, Oklahoma, receives TM downlinks daily, and records them on high density tapes (HDTS). These HDTs are then sent to Space Imaging EOSAT's Image Processing Facility (IDPF) located in Lanham, Maryland. Also, data are transmitted via a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) to its ground terminal at White Sands, New Mexico, and then relayed via a domestic communications satellite (DOMSAT) to the Space Imaging EOSAT data processing facility in Norman, Oklahoma.
    The TDRS System (TDRSS) satellites are in geosynchronous orbits. This configuration allowed the acquisition of MSS data for nearly all of the Earth's surface, except for an area between 50 degrees north and 67 degrees east by 50 degrees south and 82 degrees east. That area may be covered in part by data recorders at the Thailand and India ground stations.

  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        The thematic mapper (TM) is an advanced, multispectral scanning, Earth resources sensor designed to achieve higher image resolution, sharper spectral separation, improved geometric fidelity, and greater radiometric accuracy and resolution than the MSS sensor. TM data are scanned simultaneously in seven spectral bands. Band 6 scans thermal (heat) infrared radiation.
        Radiometric range of bands and resolution for the TM sensor (from Landsat 4 Data Users Handbook, 1984, USGS).

        Landsats 4-5 Wavelength(micrometers) Resolution (meters) Band 1 0.45-0.52 30 Band 2 0.52-0.60 30 Band 3 0.63-0.69 30 Band 4 0.76-0.90 30 Band 5 1.55-1.75 30 Band 6 10.40-12.50 120 Band 7 2.08-2.35 30

    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Landsats 4 and 5 carry both the MSS and the thematic mapper (TM) sensors; however, routine collection of MSS data was terminated in late 1992. They orbit at an altitude of 705 km and provide a 16-day, 233-orbit cycle with a swath overlap that varies from 7 percent at the Equator to nearly 84 percent at 81 north or south latitude. These satellites were also designed and operated to collect data over a 185 km swath. The MSS sensors aboard Landsats 4 and 5 are identical to the ones that were carried on Landsats 1 and 2. The MSS and TM sensors primarily detect reflected radiation from the Earth surface in the visible and IR wavelengths, but the TM sensor provides more radiometric information than the MSS sensor. The wavelength range for the TM sensor is from the visible (blue), through the mid-IR, into the thermal-IR portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Sixteen detectors for the visible and mid-IR wavelength bands in the TM sensor provide 16 scan lines on each active scan. Four detectors for the thermal-IR band provide four scan lines on each active scan. The TM sensor has a spatial resolution of 30 meters for the visible, near-IR, and mid-IR wavelengths and a spatial resolution of 120 meters for the thermal-IR band.
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
    A Landsat 4 and 5 TM scene has an instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of 30 square meters in bands 1 through 5 and band 7, band 6 has an IFOV of 120 square meters on the ground.
    The resolution for the TM sensor is shown below:

    Landsats 4-5 Resolution (meters) Band 1 30 Band 2 30 Band 3 30 Band 4 30 Band 5 30 Band 6 120 Band 7 30

  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information:
    Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Grid_Coordinate_System:
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
          UTM_Zone_Number: 11
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83 (WGS84)
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Overview_Description:
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
      These Landsat satellites have provided repetitive, synoptic, global coverage of high-resolution multispectral imagery. The characteristics of the MSS and TM bands were selected to maximize their capabilities for detecting and monitoring different types of Earth resources. For example, TM band 2 can detect green reflectance from healthy vegetation, and band 3 of TM is designed for detecting chlorophyll absorption in vegetation. TM band 4 is ideal for near-IR reflectance peaks in healthy green vegetation and for detecting water-land interfaces. TM band 1 can penetrate water for bathymetric mapping along coastal areas and is useful for soil-vegetation differentiation and for distinguishing forest types. The two mid-IR red bands on TM (bands 5 and 7) are useful for vegetation and soil moisture studies, and discriminating between rock and mineral types. The thermal-IR band on TM (band 6) is designed to assist in thermal mapping, and for soil moisture and vegetation studies.
      Typically, TM Bands 4, 3, and 2 can be combined to make false-color composite images where band 4 represents red, band 3, green, and band 2, blue. This band combination makes vegetation appear as shades of red, brighter reds indicating more vigorously growing vegetation. Soils with no or sparse vegetation will range from white (sands) to greens or browns depending on moisture and organic matter content. Water bodies will appear blue. Deep, clear water will be dark blue to black in color, while sediment-laden or shallow waters will appear lighter in color. Urban areas will appear blue-gray in color. Clouds and snow will be bright white. They are usually distinguishable from each other by the shadows associated with the clouds.

    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Department of the Interior, 1992, Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey.
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program
        Contact_Person: Clarence Everly
      Contact_Position: Program Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mail and physical
        Address:
          222 E. Main Street
          Suite 215
        City: Barstow
        State_or_Province: CA
        Postal_Code: 92311
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (760)255-8886
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (760)256-6863
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: everlyc@mojavedata.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 7:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. PST
      Contact_Instructions:
        Please request information by submitting a request via
        email, fax or phone contact; you may also visit
        www.mojavedata.gov, where you can make a map of the
        Mojave to print or download in Adobe Acrobat PDF format,
        access planimetric data and remotely sensed imagery, or
        download geospatial data in ArcInfo export format.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20010423
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20010423
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Mojave Desert Ecosystem Program
        Contact_Person: Clarence Everly
      Contact_Position: Program Manager
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address:
          222 East Main Street
          Suite 215
        City: Barstow
        State_or_Province: CA
        Postal_Code: 92311
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: (760)255-8886
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (760)256-6863
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: everlyc@mojavedata.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 7:30 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. PST
      Contact_Instructions:
        Please request information by submitting a request via
        email, fax or phone contact; you may also visit
        www.mojavedata.gov, where you can make a map of the
        Mojave to print or download in Adobe Acrobat PDF format,
        access planimetric data and remotely sensed imagery, or
        download geospatial data in ArcInfo export format.
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Local time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Security_Information:
    Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: Unknown
    Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
ecurity_Classification_System: None